Hyphen usage chicago manual style

Neither document uses these as titles before a name. But in the real world, these terms are used as titles before a name, and had we shown examples of this usage in our hyphenation table at CMOS 7.

Uppercase or lower, the arc of editorial history appears to be bending toward greater use of the en dash, as en dash—literate questions like yours continue to demonstrate. Will they play a bigger role in future editions of CMOS?

Perhaps we should take a vote. But what happens if the same person speaks after the interruption? Because even if there is some logic to it, will people read that space as you intended it?

Very possibly not, and definitely not if the dash happens to fall at the end of a line—as dashes are prone to do. Any editorial decision that is likely to be missed by readers or obscured by context—or that could be lost if quoted for example, by someone following a style that puts a space before and after a dash, which would render your example meaningless —is one that should be reconsidered.

Or, if you want to somehow convey the extra pause or break that the space is trying to communicate, mark the interruption in some other way:. Is that what you call it?

In sum, be wary of any editorial innovation that relies on a mere space to get across the intended meaning. It has a good chance of being lost in translation. CMOS 5. When we work on-site or online or on-screen , our on-site and online and on-screen activities might be set aside whenever we decide to go off-line. These terms are generally invariable—unless you prefer onscreen and offline.

PerfectIt is a proofreading add-in for Microsoft Word that scans your documents for inconsistencies and other potential problems in several categories, including hyphenation, spelling, capitalization, italics, abbreviations, numbers, and lists.

Then it should have a hyphen. If not, no hyphen. But context matters here too. But back to onsite v. For matters of spelling, including hyphenation, Chicago usually defers to the first-listed entries in Merriam-Webster. Many of these preferences have been built into Chicago Style for PerfectIt , saving you the time of looking them up. Sign up for free trial. What is the difference in usage between an em dash and an en dash? I will try to condense the various bits of information scattered throughout CMOS.

First of all, there are three lengths of what are all more or less dashes: hyphen - , en dash — , and em dash —. The hyphen connects two things that are intimately related, usually words that function together as a single concept or work together as a joint modifier e.

Examples built-in drive high-level-language compiler read-only memory lower-left corner floating-point decimal line-by-line scrolling scrolling line by line up-to-date information.

One of the words is a past or present participle a verb form ending in -ed or - ing and used as an adjective or noun. Examples left-aligned text free-flowing form well-defined schema The schema is well defined. The modifier is a number or single letter plus a noun or participle.

Examples two-sided arrow 5-point star y-coordinate values. Instead, spell out the entire phrase. Example upper-right or lower-right corner. If you use a suspended compound modifier, include a hyphen with both adjectives.

The first hyphen is followed by a space. Example upper- or lower-right corner. Example uppercase and lowercase letters. Hyphenate compound nouns when one of the words is abbreviated.

Examples e-book e-commerce.